The equation is simple. The number of surfaces must equal the number of dives in order for a submarine to be considered successful in its mission. There are very few other finite measurements that can be applied to submarines throughout our long history.
But that doesn’t mean that the time beneath the surface or in some cases on top are smooth or calm. Since the early days, man’s ability to overcome the many obstacles that help him to operate a submersible have been daunting to say the least. The seen and the unseen forces that work tirelessly to challenge the submariner are often found at the most inopportune time.
Submarine technology at the beginning of the twentieth century was primitive and a lot of trial and error discoveries challenged the assumptions that the engineers would make. Submariners around the world found this out all too often. The entire idea of…
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